The Tuning Learning Outcomes/competences for Primary Medical Degrees in Europe

Level 2 (the relevant Level 1 outcomes are shown in bold parenthesis)

Graduates in medicine will have the ability to:

'Carry out a consultation with a patient'
  • take a history
  • carry out physical examination
  • make clinical judgements and decisions
  • provide explanation and advice
  • provide reassurance and support
  • assess the patient's mental state

'Assess clinical presentations, order investigations, make differential diagnoses, and negotiate a management plan'
  • recognise and assess the severity of clinical presentations
  • order appropriate investigations and interpret the results
  • make differential diagnoses
  • negotiate an appropriate management plan with patients and carers

'Provide immediate care of medical emergencies, including First Aid and resuscitation'
  • recognise and assess acute medical emergencies
  • provide basic First Aid
  • provide Basic Life Support and Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation according to current European guidelines
  • treat acute medical emergencies
  • provide Advanced Life Support according to current European guidelines
  • provide trauma care according to current European (ATLS) guidelines

'Prescribe drugs'
  • prescribe clearly and accurately
  • match appropriate drugs to the clinical context
  • review the appropriateness of medication and evaluate the potential benefits and risks
  • prescribe drugs to treat pain and distress

'Carry out practical procedures (e.g. venepuncture)'
  • measure blood pressure
  • venepuncture
  • cannulation of veins
  • administer IV therapy and use infusion devices
  • subcutaneous and intramuscular injection
  • administer oxygen
  • move and handle patients
  • suturing
  • blood transfusion
  • bladder catheterisation
  • urinalysis
  • electrocardiography
  • basic respiratory function tests

'Communicate effectively in a medical context'
  • communicate with patients
  • communicate with colleagues
  • communicate in breaking bad news
  • communicate with relatives
  • communicate with disabled people
  • communicate in seeking informed consent
  • communicate in writing (including medical records)
  • communicate in dealing with aggression
  • communicate by telephone
  • communicate with those who require an interpreter

'Apply ethical and legal principles in medical practice'
  • maintain confidentiality
  • apply ethical principles and analysis to clinical care
  • obtain and record informed consent
  • certify death
  • request autopsy
  • apply national and European law to clinical care

'Assess psychological and social aspects of a patient's illness'
  • assess psychological factors in presentations and impact of illness
  • assess social factors in presentations and impact of illness
  • detect stress in relation to illness
  • detect alcohol and substance abuse, dependency

'Apply the principles, skills and knowledge of evidence-based medicine'
  • apply evidence to practice
  • define and carry out an appropriate literature search
  • critically appraise published medical literature

'Use information and information technology effectively in a medical context'
  • keep accurate and complete clinical records
  • use computers
  • access information sources
  • store and retrieve information

'Ability to apply scientific principles, method and knowledge to medical practice and research'
  • no specified level 2 outcomes

'Promote health, engage with population health issues and work effectively in a health care system.'
  • provide patient care which minimises the risk of harm to patients
  • apply measures to prevent the spread of infection
  • recognise own health needs and ensure own health does not interfere with professional responsibilities
  • conform with professional regulation and certification to practise
  • receive and provide professional appraisal
  • make informed career choices

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Outcomes for Medical Professionalism

Professional Attributes
  • probity, honesty, ethical commitment
  • commitment to maintaining good practice, concern for quality
  • critical and self-critical abilities, reflective practice
  • empathy
  • creativity
  • initiative, will to succeed
  • interpersonal skills

Professional working
  • ability to recognise limits and ask for help
  • ability to work autonomously when necessary
  • ability to solve problems
  • ability to make decisions
  • ability to work in a multidisciplinary team
  • ability to communicate with experts in other disciplines
  • ability to lead others
  • capacity to adapt to new situations
  • capacity for organisation and planning (including time management)

The doctor as expert
  • capacity for analysis and synthesis
  • capacity to learn (including lifelong self-directed learning)
  • capacity for applying knowledge in practice
  • ability to teach others
  • research skills

The global doctor
  • appreciation of diversity and multiculturality
  • understanding of cultures and customs of other countries
  • ability to work in an international context
  • knowledge of a second language
  • general knowledge outside medicine

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