Appendix A: Knowledge Outcomes
Although not formally part of Tuning methodology, the web-base questionnaire survey also sought opinion about important areas of knowledge for medical graduates. The ranked results are shown below. In general, the highest scores and rankings related to knowledge of traditional scientific disciplines which underpin medical practice, such as physiology, anatomy, biochemistry, and immunology, together with clinical sciences such as pathology, microbiology and clinical pharmacology. The lowest ranking related to knowledge of “different types of complementary / alternative medicine and their use in patient care”.
Graduates from medical degree programmes in Europe should be able to demonstrate knowledge of:
- Normal function (physiology)
- Normal structure (anatomy)
- Normal body metabolism and hormonal function (biochemistry)
- Normal immune function (immunology)
- Normal cell biology
- Normal molecular biology
- Normal human development (embryology)
- Psychology
- Human development (child/adolescent/adult)
- Sociology
- Abnormal structure and mechanisms of disease (pathology)
- Infection (microbiology)
- Immunity and immunological disease
- Genetics and inherited disease
- Use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
- Principles of prescribing
- Drug side effects
- Drug interactions
- Use of blood transfusion and blood products
- Drug action and pharmacokinetics
- Individual drugs
- Different types of complementary / alternative medicine and their use in patient care
- Disease prevention
- Lifestyle, diet and nutrition
- Health promotion
- Screening for disease and disease surveillance
- Disability
- Gender issues relevant to health care
- Epidemiology
- Cultural and ethnic influences on health care
- Resource allocation and health economics
- Global health and inequality
- Rights of patients
- Rights of disabled people
- Responsibilities in relation to colleagues
- Laws relevant to medicine
- Systems of professional regulation
- Principles of clinical audit
- Systems for health care delivery